Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Disulfide-containing proteins belong to a unique class of proteins for studying the mechanism of protein folding. Their folding mechanism can be analyzed by three distinct techniques: (1) The conventional denaturation-renaturation method (disulfide intact); (2) The disulfide oxidation method (oxidative folding); and (3) The emerging disulfide scrambling method. Each technique provides specific information as to how an unfolded disulfide protein refolds to form the native structure. This book is intended to highlight the knowledge of several important proteins (BPTI, RNase A, beta-Lactalbumin and Lysozyme etc.) that have been characterized in depth by these methodologies. The book will also devote sections to comparing these methodologies and chaperones (PDI and Dsb machineries) that facilitate folding of disulfide proteins. Folding of Disulfide Proteins aims to cover the knowledge of protein folding accumulated from studies of disulfide-containing proteins, including methodologies, folding pathways, and folding mechanism of numerous extensively characterized disulfide proteins. This book will be of interest to those interested in problems related to protein folding, and anyone who is interested in understanding the mechanism of protein misfolding and protein misfolding-related diseases. Folding of Disulfide Proteins aims to cover the knowledge of protein folding accumulated from studies of disulfide-containing proteins, including methodologies, folding pathways, and folding mechanism of numerous extensively characterized disulfide proteins. This book will be of interest to those interested in problems related to protein folding, and anyone who is interested in understanding the mechanism of protein misfolding and protein misfolding-related diseases.

Histology. Cytology --- General biochemistry --- General biophysics --- Animal biochemistry --- Human biochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- biofysica --- biochemie --- cytologie --- histologie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Morphine and Related Alkaloids; by N. Chida * Opioids in Preclinical and Clinical Trials; by H. Nagase and H. Fujii * Synthesis of 14-Alkoxymorphinan Derivatives and Their Pharmacological Actions; by H. Schmidhammer and M. Spetea * 14-Amino-4,5-Epoxymorphinan Derivatives and Their Pharmacological Actions; by J. W. Lewis and S. M. Husbands * Nonpeptidic Delta (δ) Opioid Agonists and Antagonists of the Diarylmethylpiperazine Class: What Have We Learned?; by S. N. Calderon * Synthesis of Neoclerodane Diterpenes and Their Pharmacological Effects; by K. M. Lovell, K. M. Prevatt-Smith, A. Lozama and T. E. Prisinzano * Synthesis of Novel Basic Skeletons Derived from Naltrexone; by H. Nagase and H. Fujii * Twin and Triplet Drugs in Opioid Research; by H. Fujii *  3D-Pharmacophore Identification for κ-Opioid Agonists Using Ligand-Based Drug-Design Techniques; by N. Yamaotsu and S. Hirono

Organic chemistry --- Molecular biology --- Animal biochemistry --- organische chemie --- biochemie --- moleculaire biologie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Since the epochal discovery of the radical and highly toxic gas nitric oxide (NO) as a signaling molecule, two other no less toxic gases - carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) - have been found to also be involved in a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological functions. The gases termed gasotransmitters play an increasingly important role in understanding how signalling into and between cells is modulated and fine-tuned. The advent of gasotransmitters has profoundly changed our way of thinking about biosynthesis, liberation, storage and action mechanisms in cellular signaling. In recent years an impressive amount of new data, distributed throughout the existing literature, has been generated. For this book the editors have recruited distinguished colleagues in the field to summarize and review important biological, pharmacological and medical functions and their implications, as well as methods for the detection of gasotransmitters.

Biomembranes --- Histology. Cytology --- Animal biochemistry --- Human physiology --- Neuropathology --- membranen (biologie) --- neurologie --- biochemie --- biologie --- fysiologie --- cytologie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Numerous animal species live in environments characterized by a seasonal reduction in the availability of water, which often but not always occurs when temperatures are highest. For many such animals, survival during the toughest season requires spending long periods of time in a rather inactive state known as aestivation. But aestivation is much more than remaining inactive. Successful aestivation requires the selection of a proper microhabitat, variable degrees of metabolic arrest and responsiveness to external stimuli, the ability to sense the proper time of year for emergence, the preservation of inactive tissue, and much more. So, aestivation involves a complex collection of behaviors, ecological associations and physiological adjustments that vary across species in their type, magnitude and course. This book seeks to explore the phenomenon of aestivation from different perspectives and levels of organization, ranging from microhabitat selection to genetic control of physiological adjustments. It brings together authors from across the world working on different systematic groups, approaches, and questions, but who are all ultimately working to better understand the complex issue of aestivation.

Histology. Cytology --- General biochemistry --- Animal biochemistry --- Animal physiology. Animal biophysics --- biochemie --- fysiologie --- cytologie --- histologie --- zoölogie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

When I was first approached to edit the present volume, I was somewhat reluc­ tant to undertake this humbling task because most of my own scientific expertise is derived fi'om studies of mammalian fertilization rather than somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). However, in the last ten years, I was very fortunate to train, col­ laborate, and communicate with a number of distinguished "doners," many of whom kindly agreed to contribute to the present volume. This experience made me appre­ ciate that the understanding of cellular and molecular events during and after SCNT is deeply rooted in our knowledge of fertilization of mammalian ovum by the speramatozoon, to which I prefer to refer to as "natural fertilization," not to say that SCNT should be regarded as "unnatural fertilization". Unique cellular events aris­ ing from SCNT have no parallel in natural fertilization and early pre-implantation development. The list includes the requirement of donor cell-nuclear remodeling, disposal of donor cell organelles, the possibility of heteroplasmy (i. e. , presence of mixed mitochondrial genomes) and altered mode of oocyte activation. Thanks to seminal contributions of my distinguished colleagues, the present volume reviews the progress of SCNT technology in major mammalian species including mouse, pig, and cattle, while at the same time, parallels can be drawn and distinctions made between the cellular and molecular basis of nuclear transfer and fertilization.

General embryology. Developmental biology --- Histology. Cytology --- Animal biochemistry --- biochemie --- cytologie --- embryologie (geneeskunde) --- histologie